Houthi Attack on Saudi Arabia Raises Questions About Makkah Agreement's Effectiveness

Following the recent attack by Houthi rebels on Saudi Arabia, fresh questions have arisen regarding the effectiveness of the Makkah Agreement signed last month. Turkey and Pakistan—partners in the agreement—have strongly condemned the attack and expressed solidarity with Saudi Arabia; however, neither country has announced direct military action so far.

Analysts believe that, for the time being, Turkey and Pakistan might provide various forms of support to Saudi Arabia—such as intelligence, air defense, and drone capabilities—without engaging in direct conflict.

Major Houthi Attack on Saudi Arabia

Last week, Iran-backed Houthi rebels demonstrated their military capabilities by launching a major attack on Saudi Arabia. The assault targeted four cities—including civilian infrastructure—and an oil refinery.

Two key issues have emerged following this attack. First, the stability of Saudi Arabia's security and supply systems, given its role as a crucial global oil supplier. Second, the extent to which the Makkah Agreement can effectively ensure the country's security.

Why Questions Arise Regarding the Agreement

Pakistan and Turkey have expressed solidarity with Saudi Arabia and strongly condemned the Houthi attack. Yet, neither nation has announced direct military assistance.

The joint defense agreement signed last month stipulates that an attack on one member state is to be considered an attack on the other members as well.

Consequently, questions have arisen regarding how this commitment will be implemented in practice following the Houthi attack on Saudi Arabia.

Focus on Turkey and Pakistan's Next Moves

The international community is now watching the next moves of Turkey and Pakistan. It is particularly significant to see how the attack on Saudi Arabia is assessed within the framework of the agreement and whether any retaliatory measures will be taken.

According to analysts, it is unlikely that Ankara and Islamabad will immediately launch direct military operations. Instead, they may assist Riyadh by providing intelligence, air defense systems, and drone technology capabilities.

A Major Test for the Makkah Agreement

Analysts suggest that if Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia continue, the debate surrounding the practical implementation of the Makkah Agreement will intensify. The crucial question then becomes—regarding the pledge that "an attack on one country is an attack on all"—is this merely a political stance, or do the member nations actually possess the capability to mount a joint defense if the need arises?

Thus, the recent Houthi attack is being viewed not only as a matter of Saudi Arabia's security but also as a major test of the mutual trust, commitment, and actual military capabilities of this new alliance.

Source: Al Jazeera